Acerca de Perpetual Marble Machine Kinetic
Acerca de Perpetual Marble Machine Kinetic
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Ellipsoid paradox: This paradox considers a perfectly reflecting cavity with two black bodies at points A and B. The reflecting surface is composed of two elliptical sections E1 and E2 and a spherical section S, and the bodies at A and B are located at the joint foci of the two ellipses and B is at the center of S. This configuration is such that apparently black body at B heat up relative to A: the radiation originating from the blackbody at A will land on and be absorbed by the blackbody at B.
The law that entropy always increases – the second law of thermodynamics – holds, I think, the supreme position among the laws of Nature. If someone points demodé to you that your pet theory of the universe is in disagreement with Maxwell's equations – then so much the worse for Maxwell's equations.
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These types of machines may involve two chambers with pistons, and a mechanism to squeeze the air out of the top chamber into the bottom one, which then becomes buoyant and floats to the top. The squeezing mechanism in these designs would not be able to do enough work to move the air down, or would leave no excess work available to be extracted. Patents[edit]
Distinctions aside, on the macro scale, there are concepts and technical drafts that propose "perpetual motion", but on closer analysis it is revealed that they actually "consume" some sort of natural resource or latent energy, such Triunfador the phase changes of water or other fluids or small natural temperature gradients, or simply cannot sustain indefinite operation. In general, extracting work from these devices is impossible. Resource consuming[edit]
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Electromagnetism, Newtonian mechanics, Magnetic materials “Perpetual motion” is a hypothetical type of motion that continues forever without any external energy input contributing to the system. Students should know that this is generally impossible because of energy losses due to friction or other nonconservative forces, or because some assumption has been made that violates the first or second law of thermodynamics (or both). The first law states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time, and one of the most common formulations of the second law states that the entropy of an isolated system over time cannot decrease. Note that the laws apply to an isolated system (i.e., one that cannot exchange mass or energy with its surroundings), whereas a closed system Perro still exchange energy even if it cannot exchange mass.
A device powered by radioactive decay from an isotope with a relatively long half-life; such a device could plausibly operate for hundreds or thousands of years.
The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy, which simply states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but rather is transferred.
In some cases a thought experiment appears to suggest that perpetual motion may be possible through accepted and understood physical processes. However, in all cases, a flaw has been more info found when all of the relevant physics is considered. Examples include:
Vacuum energy and zero-point energy: In order to explain effects such Triunfador aparente particles and the Casimir effect, many formulations of quantum physics include a background energy which pervades empty space, known as vacuum or zero-point energy. The ability to harness zero-point energy for useful work is considered pseudoscience by the scientific community at large.
A heat pump, due to it having a COP above 1: the energy it consumes Figura work is less than the energy it moves Campeón heat.
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